Morris Levy

American record label owner, and music businessman.

Born: 27 August 1927 in The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA.
Died: 23 May 1990 in Ghent, Columbia County, New York, USA.

Levy became a notorious music industry mogul, primarily as the owner of the renowned Manhattan jazz club Birdland and as president of Birdland, one of the largest independent outlets in recorded music at the time.

A tough and troublesome teenage runaway, Levy briefly served in the Navy before working in the nightclub scene of New York in the mid 1940s. He then ran Topsy's Chicken Roost and his adjoining jazz venue the Cock Lounge. Levy was in the right place at the right time as the jazz explosion hit New York, with artists like Charlie 'Bird' Parker at its center. Levy promised Bird he would create him a club where he could spread his wings. At the close of the 1940s Levy opened 'Birdland', at 1678 Broadway on 52nd Street. The importance of the club in the history of jazz is perfectly reflected in the film "Bird".

Within the phenomenal success of Birdland and its growing line-up of artists Levy astutely spotted another opportunity, which typically had a shady side. Turning the Congressional ASCAP law to his advantage he formed Patricia Music, acquiring rights to songs first performed in his clubs, like George Shearing's jazz standard Lullaby of Birdland. (Publishing name example at [r1657046]). He also began the questionable practice of adding his name to credits to increase his revenue streams, tangling at one point with John Lennon in court over publishing rights.

Levy became a label owner in late 1955 when he acquired a stake in George Goldner's Birdland, Birdland and Birdland labels. Goldner relinquished his stake in January 1957, when Levy formed Birdland to handle the three labels and release new recording artists on Roulette. In 1962 Goldner's Birdland and Birdland labels also became part of Levy's empire, which spanned every aspect of the industry- from juke-box installations and nightclubs, to retail outlets and labels.

As the industry became more corporate and effectively began to tidy up its act, Levy found himself in a corner as a result of his shady activities. In 1988 he was exposed as a 'mob' conspirator. A Federal jury in Camden, N.J., convicted him of conspiring to extort money from a Philadelphia-area record distributor. Levy was sentenced to 10 years in prison, fined $200,000 and released on bail to appeal. His appeal failed but, before he could surrender to the court he died of liver cancer at his farm in Ghent.